Systematic Review: How the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Polygenic Risk Score Adds to Our Understanding of ADHD and Associated Traits (2024)

Ronald, A., de Bode, N. (2021). Systematic Review: How the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Polygenic Risk Score Adds to Our Understanding of ADHD and Associated Traits. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 60(10), 1234-1277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2021.01.019

Ronald, Angelica ; de Bode, Nora ; Polderman, Tinca J.C. / Systematic Review: How the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Polygenic Risk Score Adds to Our Understanding of ADHD and Associated Traits. In: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2021 ; Vol. 60, No. 10. pp. 1234-1277.

@article{e23fc6790e9e45c1b51acb4a2a6ec189,

title = "Systematic Review: How the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Polygenic Risk Score Adds to Our Understanding of ADHD and Associated Traits",

abstract = "Objective: To investigate, by systematically reviewing the literature, whether the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) polygenic risk score (PRS) associates with ADHD and related traits in independent clinical and population samples. Method: PubMed, Embase and PsychoInfo were systematically searched, alongside study bibliographies. Quality assessments were conducted, and a best-evidence synthesis was applied. Studies were excluded when the predictor was not based on the latest ADHD genome-wide association study, when PRS was not based on genome-wide results, or when the study was a review. Initially, 197 studies were retrieved (February 22, 2020), and a second search (June 3, 2020) yielded a further 49 studies. From both searches, 57 studies were eligible, and 44 studies met inclusion criteria. Results: Included studies were published in the last 3 years. Over 80% of the studies were rated excellent, based on a standardized quality assessment. Evidence of associations between ADHD PRS and the following categories was strong: ADHD, ADHD traits, brain structure, education, externalizing behaviors, neuropsychological constructs, physical health, and socioeconomic status. Evidence for associations with addiction, autism, and mental health were mixed and were, so far, inconclusive. Odds ratios for PRS associating with ADHD ranged from 1.22% to 1.76%; variance explained in dimensional assessments of ADHD traits was 0.7% to 3.3%. Conclusion: A new wave of high-quality research using the ADHD PRS has emerged. Eventually, symptoms may be partly identified based on PRS, but the current ADHD PRS is useful for research purposes only. This review shows that the ADHD PRS is robust and reliable, associating not only with ADHD but many outcomes and challenges known to be linked to ADHD.",

keywords = "attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, comorbidity, genetics, neurodevelopment, psychiatry",

author = "Angelica Ronald and {de Bode}, Nora and Polderman, {Tinca J.C.}",

note = "Funding Information: The authors wish to thank Prof. Martijn van den Heuvel, PhD, of the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, for his assistance in evaluating the included MRI studies. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 The Authors Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",

year = "2021",

month = oct,

doi = "10.1016/j.jaac.2021.01.019",

language = "English",

volume = "60",

pages = "1234--1277",

journal = "Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry",

issn = "0890-8567",

publisher = "Elsevier Limited",

number = "10",

}

Ronald, A, de Bode, N 2021, 'Systematic Review: How the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Polygenic Risk Score Adds to Our Understanding of ADHD and Associated Traits', Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, vol. 60, no. 10, pp. 1234-1277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2021.01.019

Systematic Review: How the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Polygenic Risk Score Adds to Our Understanding of ADHD and Associated Traits. / Ronald, Angelica; de Bode, Nora; Polderman, Tinca J.C.
In: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Vol. 60, No. 10, 10.2021, p. 1234-1277.

Research output: Contribution to Journal › Review article › Academic › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Systematic Review: How the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Polygenic Risk Score Adds to Our Understanding of ADHD and Associated Traits

AU - Ronald, Angelica

AU - de Bode, Nora

AU - Polderman, Tinca J.C.

N1 - Funding Information:The authors wish to thank Prof. Martijn van den Heuvel, PhD, of the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, for his assistance in evaluating the included MRI studies.Publisher Copyright:© 2021 The AuthorsCopyright:Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

PY - 2021/10

Y1 - 2021/10

N2 - Objective: To investigate, by systematically reviewing the literature, whether the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) polygenic risk score (PRS) associates with ADHD and related traits in independent clinical and population samples. Method: PubMed, Embase and PsychoInfo were systematically searched, alongside study bibliographies. Quality assessments were conducted, and a best-evidence synthesis was applied. Studies were excluded when the predictor was not based on the latest ADHD genome-wide association study, when PRS was not based on genome-wide results, or when the study was a review. Initially, 197 studies were retrieved (February 22, 2020), and a second search (June 3, 2020) yielded a further 49 studies. From both searches, 57 studies were eligible, and 44 studies met inclusion criteria. Results: Included studies were published in the last 3 years. Over 80% of the studies were rated excellent, based on a standardized quality assessment. Evidence of associations between ADHD PRS and the following categories was strong: ADHD, ADHD traits, brain structure, education, externalizing behaviors, neuropsychological constructs, physical health, and socioeconomic status. Evidence for associations with addiction, autism, and mental health were mixed and were, so far, inconclusive. Odds ratios for PRS associating with ADHD ranged from 1.22% to 1.76%; variance explained in dimensional assessments of ADHD traits was 0.7% to 3.3%. Conclusion: A new wave of high-quality research using the ADHD PRS has emerged. Eventually, symptoms may be partly identified based on PRS, but the current ADHD PRS is useful for research purposes only. This review shows that the ADHD PRS is robust and reliable, associating not only with ADHD but many outcomes and challenges known to be linked to ADHD.

AB - Objective: To investigate, by systematically reviewing the literature, whether the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) polygenic risk score (PRS) associates with ADHD and related traits in independent clinical and population samples. Method: PubMed, Embase and PsychoInfo were systematically searched, alongside study bibliographies. Quality assessments were conducted, and a best-evidence synthesis was applied. Studies were excluded when the predictor was not based on the latest ADHD genome-wide association study, when PRS was not based on genome-wide results, or when the study was a review. Initially, 197 studies were retrieved (February 22, 2020), and a second search (June 3, 2020) yielded a further 49 studies. From both searches, 57 studies were eligible, and 44 studies met inclusion criteria. Results: Included studies were published in the last 3 years. Over 80% of the studies were rated excellent, based on a standardized quality assessment. Evidence of associations between ADHD PRS and the following categories was strong: ADHD, ADHD traits, brain structure, education, externalizing behaviors, neuropsychological constructs, physical health, and socioeconomic status. Evidence for associations with addiction, autism, and mental health were mixed and were, so far, inconclusive. Odds ratios for PRS associating with ADHD ranged from 1.22% to 1.76%; variance explained in dimensional assessments of ADHD traits was 0.7% to 3.3%. Conclusion: A new wave of high-quality research using the ADHD PRS has emerged. Eventually, symptoms may be partly identified based on PRS, but the current ADHD PRS is useful for research purposes only. This review shows that the ADHD PRS is robust and reliable, associating not only with ADHD but many outcomes and challenges known to be linked to ADHD.

KW - attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

KW - comorbidity

KW - genetics

KW - neurodevelopment

KW - psychiatry

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U2 - 10.1016/j.jaac.2021.01.019

DO - 10.1016/j.jaac.2021.01.019

M3 - Review article

C2 - 33548493

AN - SCOPUS:85103728240

SN - 0890-8567

VL - 60

SP - 1234

EP - 1277

JO - Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

JF - Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

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Ronald A, de Bode N, Polderman TJC. Systematic Review: How the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Polygenic Risk Score Adds to Our Understanding of ADHD and Associated Traits. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2021 Oct;60(10):1234-1277. Epub 2021 Feb 4. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2021.01.019